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<article-title>ELF Radiation from Lightning Sprites </article-title>
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<author>Jagdish Rai and Manoj Kumar Paras  </author>

<aff>Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. </aff>

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<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p> Sprites are the recently discovered exotic kind of lightning above thunderstorms. Rai (1974) in his studies on runaway electrons and UHF emissions from intracloud lightning predicted leakage of electrical charge to the ionosphere. The luminous discharges above the thundercloud were observed by Sentman et al. (1995), Lyons (1996), Stenbaek-Nielsen and MacHarg (2008) and many others. The radio emissions from the sprites have not been studied theoretically. In this paper empirical relations for the sprite velocity and current have been obtained. The Fourier transform of the time domain electric field reveals that the radiation from lightning sprites lies mainly in the ELF range and it peaks at around 40 Hz. This is in conformity with the experimental observations of Cummer et al. (1998), and Cummer (2003). Calculations of other parameters like charge moment change and total charge destroyed are also in conformity with the experimental observations of Li et al. (2008), Cummer (2003) and others. It has been suggested that the ELF radiation from sprites may form a major cause of ELF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide and contribute significantly to the Schumann resonances.  </p><p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Lightning, Sprites, Ionosphere, Current moment, Charge moment change. </p>
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