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<article-title>Synthesis and Thermal Behavior of Novel Pillared Zirconium-Titanium Phosphates 1,10-Phenanthroline- <br/>Co(II) and Cu(II) Materials</article-title>
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<author>S. K. Shakshooki<sup>1</sup>, M. B. Hassan<sup>2</sup>, F. Y. Siala<sup>1</sup> and W. K. EL-Noweli<sup>2</sup> </author>

<aff><sup>1</sup>Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya. </aff><aff><sup>2</sup>Sebha University, Sebha, Libya. </aff>

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<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p> Tetravalent metal phosphates chemistry recently has attracted attention in order to obtain materials with wide range of applications. Crystalline &#945;-zirconium titanium phosphates, &#945;-Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1-x)</sub> (HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. H<sub>2</sub>O, (x= 0.9, 0.8) were synthesized from refluxing of their parent amorphous materials in 10M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>.</p><p> Novel pillared materials:</p><p> 
&#945;-Zr<sub>0.9</sub>Ti<sub>0.1</sub>(H)<sub>1.7</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Phen)<sub>0.14</sub>(Co)<sub>0.15</sub> .0.41H<sub>2</sub>O ,</p><p> 
&#945;-Zr<sub>0.9</sub>Ti<sub>0.1</sub>(H)<sub>1.76</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>( Phen Cu)<sub>0.12</sub> .1.22H2O,</p><p> 
&#945;-Zr<sub>0.8</sub>Ti<sub>0.2</sub>(H)<sub>1.64</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Phen)<sub>0.18</sub> (Co)<sub>0.15</sub>.1.1H<sub>2</sub>O  and</p><p> 
&#945;-Zr<sub>0.8</sub>Ti0.2(H)1.6(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Phen)<sub>0.13</sub>(Cu)<sub>0.20</sub>.1.1H<sub>2</sub>O ,</p><p> 
These were prepared from reactions of 0.1M CoCl<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O (or 0.1M CuCl<sub>2</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O) in ethanol:H<sub>2</sub>O solution (1:1), with &#945;-Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1-x)</sub>(HPO4)2.H<sub>2</sub>O, followed by addition of 0.1M 1,10-phenanthroline in ethanol. The resultant novel pillared materials were characterized by chemical, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and FT-IR. Metal ions contents were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The thermal decomposition of the pillared materials found to occur mainly in three stages, loss of water of hydration up to&#126; 200&#176;C, followed by decomposition of organic ligand and POH groups condensation up to 800 &#176;C. The final products were [Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1-x)</sub>]P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + (MO)y, where M = Co<sup>2+</sup> or Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, y = M loading, respectively. Comparative studies on thermal decomposition of 1,10-phenantroline-&#945;-Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1-x)</sub>(HPO4)2.nH<sub>2</sub>O, show their thermal decomposition occurs in three stages loss of water of hydration up to &#126;180&#176;C, followed by decomposition of organic ligand and POH groups condensation up to 700 &#176;C. The pillared materials shows the increase of their thermal stability which can be related to metal ions effect. Here we are reporting synthesis and characterization of novel pillars of &#945;-zirconium-titanium phosphates- 1,10-phenanthroline Co(II) and Cu(II) materials.  </p><p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Tetravalent metal phosphates, Pillared, Thermal. </p>
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