The present paper is an attempt to examine the Naxalite movement and its changing character in terms of its nature, ideology, operational strategies, organizational structure etc. Initially, the Naxalite movement had its centre in West Bengal. In later years, it spread into less developed rural areas of central and eastern India. For past one decade, it has grown mostly from displaced tribal and natives who are fighting against injustice and exploitation from state institutions, landlords, corporation and local officials who they believe to be corrupt. At present, Naxalite are active across approximately 165 districts in nine states of India. The Naxalite attempts to create a contiguous liberated corridor cutting through the tribal dominated belt from Andhra Pradesh to Bihar through Chhattishgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand. The growing influence of the Naxalites in the country prompted former Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to declare them to be the ‘most serious internal threat to India’s internal security’. The origin of the Naxalite movement can be traced back to the split in 1967 of the Communist party of India (Marxist). Charu Majumdar a rebel cadre of CPI (M) launched a peasants’ uprising against the local landlord in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Gradually, the movement spread in different areas of eastern part of India. But after sometime, this movement lost its high intensity due to repressive measures exercised by the state. It is during the later part of 80s’, the Naxalite movement emerged as significant movement in contemporary Indian political arena.