This paper referenced the ongoing popularity of Japanese animation and provided some insights and benefits for animators, entrepreneurs and government organizations based on historical and cultural perspectives as well as their impact on Thai culture and society. This study examined and identified the factors affecting the popularity of Japanese animation by tracing the historical development from the late 1960s until the present. Through analyzing characteristics of Japanese animation, data was collected from related research, articles, websites and interviews of some Thai fans ranging from young children to adults. The global success of Japanese animation includes diverse art styles, methods of animation and its production and processes such as character design, comic books, story-telling and 2D techniques. More key factors adding to the success of Japanese animation include marketability, moral messages or knowledge latency, cultural proximity, partnership and government support.