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<article-title>CFD Model for Verification and Validation of a Radioactive Tracer of Laminar Flow Experiment</article-title>
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<author>Nagy M. Hussein  </author>

<aff>US Merchant Marine Academy, USA </aff>

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<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>The fundamentals of fully developed laminar flow in a pipe were investigated; in particular the velocity profile was visualized using radioactive isotope <sup>m99</sup>TC as a tracer at different flow velocities within the laminar region. The current work is to run and simulate these flow conditions using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fully-developed laminar flow in pipe where the flow was fully laminar before the sudden pipe enlargement was introduced; laminar flow was then re-established before the sudden contraction. A comparison using CFD simulation results and radioactive isotope <sup>m99</sup>TC tracer experimental work was validated and were in good agreement with the predicted laminar flow.  </p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Fully developed laminar flow, Radioactive  isotope <sup>m99</sup>TC tracer, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Velocity profile. </p>
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