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<article-title>Strategies of Apology Employed by Australian and Indonesian Students: Case Study at an Australian Public University</article-title>
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<author>Lazuar Azmi Zulferdi</author>

<aff>Monash University, Australia </aff>


	
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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Misunderstanding can lead people to produce apology strategies among cultures. Such issue is
accommodated through apology strategy to maintain smooth intercultural communication and
exchange. The concept of apology can be present in any culture. However, cultures can differ in
apology strategies, usage, and frequencies. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the
apology strategies and responses used by Australian and Indonesian students at an Australian public
university. The theoretical frameworks of Cohen and Olshtain&#8217;s (1981) apology strategies were used to
guide this study. The participants of the study were four Australian and Indonesian students ranging
from undergraduate and postgraduate level. Data for this study were collected through Discourse
Completion Task (DCT) questionnaires involving in- and out-group member scenarios. The data were
analysed using the modification of apology strategies model from Fraser (1981) and Holmes (1990).
The findings revealed that Australian and Indonesian participants shared similar and different
characteristics in employing apology strategies, especially regarding directness and indirectness. In
addition, the participants&#8217; apology responses were influenced by their group membership and cultural
perspectives.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Apology strategies, In-group out-group, Discourse completion task, Pragmatics.</p>
</abstract>
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